Integrating prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programmes with other health services for preventing HIV infection and improving HIV outcomes in developing countries - The Cochrane Library - Tudor Car - Wiley Online Library
Authors' conclusions We found only one study suggesting that integrating perinatal PMTCT interventions with other healthcare services in low- and middle-income countries increases the proportion of pregnant women, mothers and infants receiving PMTCT intervention. A significant increase in proportion of women and children receiving antiretroviral prophylaxis was observed in the clinics that implemented the PMTCT interventions (of HIV testing and assessment of adherence to antiretroviral prophylaxis) compared to the control clinics
Varicella-Zoster Virus and HIV
Primary infection is much less common in recent years as a result of childhood vaccination, but still may occur in unvaccinated individuals and in instances of vaccine failure. Whether a patient requires inpatient or outpatient therapy should be determined on the basis of the extent and severity of the infection, the immune status of the host, and whether visceral or cutaneous dissemination has occurred.(3-12) Anti-VZV Drug Therapy Intravenous AcyclovirThe serum levels of acyclovir necessary to inhibit the replication of VZV are about 10 times greater than those needed to inhibit HSV, so the dosage of acyclovir must be higher than that used for treatment of HSV
Sample size was too small in each feeding group to do analysis that explained the differences in feeding practices between HIV-positive and -negative women. This finding was unexpected and showed that although NBF seemed easier to implement than EBF, few women who avoided breastfeeding practiced EFF in the first six months
To take advantage of the proven effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy for preventing perinatal HIV transmission, the panel proposed significant changes in HIV testing policies for pregnant women in the United States. It may not be relevant to the developing country whether a simpler, cheaper treatment is as effective as the best proven treatment, which the country cannot afford
Following this protocol, an HIV-positive pregnant woman will begin antiretroviral therapy at the antenatal clinic and will continue treatment for the rest of her life. They are intended to simplify and standardize previous recommendations by making guidelines for initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) for pregnant women the same as for nonpregnant women and by taking into account programmatic considerations that affect implementation
Increasing access to HIV screening and medical care, including through boosting federal investments for AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAPs) to expand access to life-saving medications, and implementing the Affordable Care Act, which will increase health coverage for thousands of Americans living with HIV. Unlike the couples enrolled in HPTN 052, the couples in China were not part of an intensive study, and data were not available on sexual risk factors, adherence to antiretroviral treatment, or virological treatment outcome measures.19 Additional data are needed to estimate the prevention benefit of treatment for other populations, such as MSM, IDUs, and persons with acute or primary HIV infection,20 and in other settings such as North America and during routine clinical care
Follow up data for eligible mother-infant pairs were obtained from women themselves and log books in Muhima health centre and maternity, using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed with STATA 12.0 (Stata Corp, College Station, TX) and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17
In view of these limitations, it is possible that they only encouraged women to stop breastfeeding at six months without necessarily helping them to weigh the risks versus benefits of the various options. Effective programmes seem to require more than basic resources, which of course challenges sustainability and demonstrates that good health care is not possible without real investment
Here the reader can view when the search plan was performed, specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, search terms, data bases that were searched, and the excluded articles. When there is a long list of citations, ascertain whether it includes articles that are tangential to the question or address the question in only a general way
The typology of how women are mistreated during childbirth presented in this systematic review is based on a synthesis of qualitative and quantitative evidence from 65 studies conducted in 34 countries. Health-care providers may be the perpetrators of this mistreatment, however mistreatment may also result from a complex range of factors, including diverse systemic failures within health facilities and throughout health systems
How does breastfeeding protect against HIV? - Public Health
In the meantime, this research may lead to new ways of preventing HIV transmission, and confirms breastfeeding as a healthy practice for moms in developing countries. Even a study that demonstrated the risks of HIV transmission in breastfeeding had a similar mortality rate between the HIV-positive, breastfed group and the formula feeders who were given free formula and instructed in sanitation
The applicability of the findings from the present study may be limited because participants were drawn from one site that caters mainly for low income women. Furthermore, participants, especially the HIV-positive mothers felt that exclusive breastfeeding leads to maternal ill- health and would accelerate their progression to full blown AIDS
(19 Jul - 22 Jul) Jul 25 Call to Action: Youth in Action for Orange Day (25 Jul - 25 Jul) Jul 28 World Hepatitis Day (28 Jul - 28 Jul) See more Other links AIDSinfo Online Database AIDSInfo UNAIDS amfAR - The Foundation for AIDS Res..
Canadian Red Cross Society, June 2005 25: In the first case of an entire organisation being prosecuted for HIV transmission, the Canadian Red Cross was taken to court after more than 1,000 Canadian citizens acquired HIV from infected blood products in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Whether someone can be legally charged with reckless (as opposed to intentional) transmission depends entirely on an individual country's laws and courts
This report is part of a larger systematic review of the evidence intended to determine the effect of male participation on female uptake of PMTCT services to evaluate the proportion of men who accept voluntary counseling and testing for HIV, provide moral and financial support to their spouses to adhere to antenatal care and PMTCT guidelines, etc. Overview of methods We did a comprehensive electronic search of four electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)
(2007), all other studies in this category were related to the clinical aspect of providing ARV to mother and baby, such as safety and toxicity of ARVs (Zidovudine and Nevirapine) and the prevalence of anemia due to Zidovudine use. Of these 46 papers, 20 were related to experiences of implementing a PMTCT program and 26 were related to individual components of the cascade of PMTCT services
HIV: mother-to-child transmission
In addition, we use a regular surveillance protocol to capture harms alerts from organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), which are added to the reviews as required. Categories presented in Clinical Evidence indicate a judgement about the strength of the evidence available to our contributors prior to publication and the relevant importance of benefit and harms
26 Previously, the mix-feed message was confusing, and in South Africa a study found that only 25 percent of mothers exclusively breastfed whereas 75 percent of women used formula or undertook mixed feeding during the first 6 months. These new guidelines recommend all pregnant mothers take ARVs for life (Option B+), or countries may choose Option B where they can test a mother for her eligibility for ARVs after the birth of her child
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